DIP Reedrelais
Merkmale
- Flache Bauform
- Standardisierte Pin-Belegung
- Spannungsfestigkeit Spule-Kontakt 4,25 KVDC für Belegung 13
- Hohe Spulenwiderstände möglich
- Magnetische Abschirmkappe verfügbar
- Interne Löschdiode verfügbar
- UL zugelassen
Applikationen
- Test/Meßgerätetechnik
- Telekommunikation
- Alarmtechnik
- Industrieelektronik<o:p></o:p>
Spezifikationen
| Spulenspannung (VDC) | 3 bis 24 |
| Spulenwiderstand (Ohm) | 200 bis 2000 |
| Kontaktform | 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A |
| Nennleistung (W) | 0 bis 15 |
| Schaltspannung (VDC) | 0 bis 500 |
| Schaltstrom (A) | 0 bis 1.0 |
| Transportstrom (A) | 0 bis 1.25 |
| Durchbruchspannung (Minimum VDC) | 250 bis 1500 |
Produktsuche
| Sachnummer | Bezeichnung | Kontakt- anzahl | Kontakt - Form | Schalt- leistung W | Schalt- spannung V | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3205010013 | 1 | B - Öffner | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205010019 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205010119 | 1 | B - Öffner | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205100012 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205100112 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205100113 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205100312 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 100 V | ||
| 3205172010 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205172011 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205172013 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205172111 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205172211 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205172411 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205172412 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205172512 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205172513 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205172612 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205172812 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205172910 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205190251 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3205190351 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3205190751 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3205190851 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3205196151 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3205196751 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3205197151 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 100 V | ||
| 3205200021 | 2 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205200121 | 2 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205200321 | 2 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205272321 | 2 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3205272621 | 2 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212001051 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3212001151 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3212010019 | 1 | B - Öffner | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212010119 | 1 | B - Öffner | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212010219 | 1 | B - Öffner | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212100012 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212100112 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212131016 | 1 | A - Schließer | 50 W | 500 V | ||
| 3212172010 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212172011 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212172013 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212172111 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212172312 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212172410 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212172412 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212172510 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212172512 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212172712 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212172911 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212190251 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3212190651 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3212190751 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3212190951 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3212200021 | 2 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212200121 | 2 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212200321 | 2 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3212272221 | 2 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3215010119 | 1 | B - Öffner | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3215100111 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3215172010 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3215172012 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3215172013 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3215172019 | 1 | B - Öffner | 15 W | 200 V | ||
| 3215172410 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3215172510 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3215172711 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3215190051 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3215190151 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3215190751 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3215190851 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3215272021 | 2 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3215272121 | 2 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3224001051 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3224001151 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3224010019 | 1 | B - Öffner | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3224100012 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3224100013 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3224100111 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3224100112 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3224166016 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 100 V | ||
| 3224172010 | 1 | A - Schließer | 15 W | 200 V | ||
| 3224172212 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3224172811 | 1 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3224175019 | 1 | B - Öffner | 10 W | 500 V | ||
| 3224190251 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3224190751 | 1 | C - Wechsler | 10 W | 175 V | ||
| 3224200021 | 2 | A - Schließer | 10 W | 200 V | ||
| 3224200121 | 2 | A - Schließer | 15 W | 200 V |
Literaturen
Anwendungen
Grundlagen
Vorsichtsmaßnahmen
Lebensdauer von Reedschaltern
Lebensdauer von Reedschaltern
Magnete und deren Eigenschaften
Magnete und deren Eigenschaften
Magnete und deren Eigenschaften
Magnetisierung
Umgang mit Dauermagneten
Reed Akademie
Reed Akademie
Reed Relays for RF Applications Part I
Reed Relays for RF Applications Part II
Digi-Key / MEDER PTM "Reed Switch Technology"
Digi-Key / MEDER PTM "Latching Form B Reed Sensors Overview"
Digi-Key / MEDER PTM "Reed Switch Magnet Interaction"
Digi-Key / MEDER PTM "Exploring Sensor Technologies Overview"
Applikationen
Industrie
Industrie
Medizin
Telekommunikation
Test- und Messtechnik
Test- und Messtechnik
Batteriebetriebene Geräte
Stock Check
Lagerbestände bei unseren Händlern
| Artikel-Nr. | Händler | Region | Lagerbestand | Kaufen | Anfrage | Inventurdatum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIP051A7213L | TTI, INC GERMANY | Europe | 200 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP051C9051D | TTI, INC GERMANY | Europe | 500 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP121C9051L | TTI, INC GERMANY | Europe | 400 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP122A7221L | TTI, INC GERMANY | Europe | 1500 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP241A7213L | TTI, INC GERMANY | Europe | 1500 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1A72-11D | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 52 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1A72-11D | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 27 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1A72-11D | RELAY SPECIALTIES INC | North America | 522 | Anfrage | 2012/02/01 | |
| DIP05-1A72-11L | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 79 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1A72-11L | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 73 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1A72-11L | RELAY SPECIALTIES INC | North America | 288 | Anfrage | 2012/02/01 | |
| DIP05-1A72-12D | MASTER DISTRIBUTORS | North America | 22 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1A72-12D | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 8 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1A72-12D | RELAY SPECIALTIES INC | North America | 232 | Anfrage | 2012/02/01 | |
| DIP05-1A72-12L | MASTER DISTRIBUTORS | North America | 85 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1A72-12L | RELAY SPECIALTIES INC | North America | 525 | Anfrage | 2012/02/01 | |
| DIP05-1A72-13D | RELAY SPECIALTIES INC | North America | 29 | Anfrage | 2012/02/01 | |
| DIP05-1A72-13L | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 229 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1A72-13L | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 69 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1A72-13L | TTI, INC. | North America | 30 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1B72-BV354 | RELAY SPECIALTIES INC | North America | 80 | Anfrage | 2012/02/01 | |
| DIP05-1C90-51D | TTI, INC. | North America | 510 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1C90-51D | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 261 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1C90-51D | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 208 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1C90-51D | MASTER DISTRIBUTORS | North America | 150 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1C90-51L | MASTER DISTRIBUTORS | North America | 259 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1C90-51L | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 125 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1C90-51L | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 30 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-1C90-51L | RELAY SPECIALTIES INC | North America | 249 | Anfrage | 2012/02/01 | |
| DIP05-2A72-21D | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 39 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-2A72-21D | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 25 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-2A72-21L | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 245 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP05-2A72-21L | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 47 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP12-1A72-12D | MASTER DISTRIBUTORS | North America | 229 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP12-1A72-12D | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 172 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP12-1A72-12D | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 100 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP12-1A72-12L | MASTER DISTRIBUTORS | North America | 192 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP12-1A72-12L | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 158 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP12-1A72-12L | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 85 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP12-1A72-12L | RELAY SPECIALTIES INC | North America | 174 | Anfrage | 2012/02/01 | |
| DIP12-1C90-51D | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 398 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP12-1C90-51D | MASTER DISTRIBUTORS | North America | 196 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP12-1C90-51D | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 100 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP12-1C90-51F | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 25 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP12-1C90-51L | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 99 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP12-1C90-51L | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 87 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP12-2A72-21D | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 167 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP12-2A72-21D | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 100 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP12-2A72-21L | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 346 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP12-2A72-21L | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 90 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP15-2A72-21L | MASTER DISTRIBUTORS | North America | 43 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP24-1A72-12D | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 491 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP24-1A72-12D | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 100 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP24-1A72-12L | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 3144 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP24-1A72-12L | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 90 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP24-1C90-51D | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 131 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP24-1C90-51D | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 100 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP24-1C90-51L | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 100 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP24-1C90-51L | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 19 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP24-2A72-21D | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 95 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP24-2A72-21D | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 89 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP24-2A72-21L | MOUSER ELECTRONICS | North America | 116 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
| DIP24-2A72-21L | DIGI-KEY CORPORATION | North America | 75 | Anfrage | 2012/02/07 | |
FAQs
Reed Relais
What type of thermal chips are used in a low thermal reed relay?
Is thermal offset voltage is produced by the reed switch connected to copper from a thermocouple within the relay?
Does magnetic shielding help in making a low thermal reed relay?
Does magnetic shielding help in making a low thermal reed relay?
The higher the coil resistance the less power produced by the relay and therefore there will be less thermal offset voltages generated. By applying a magnetic shield, this makes the magnetic field the contacts see all the stronger. This allows allows the relay designer to increase the coil resistance which in turn reduces relay power and heat generation.
Does high coil resistance help when making a low thermal, low offset voltage reed relay?
Does high coil resistance help when making a low thermal, low offset voltage reed relay?
Yes, the coil resistance directly controls the amount of heat generated in the relay. The more heat generated, the more the need to compensate for thermal voltage offsets. Making the coil resistance as high as possible is a clear step in the right direction.
How do you make a low thermal relay?
How do you make a low thermal relay?
A reed switch is made up of nickel/iron and when connected to copper (a PCB trace), you end up with a thermocouple producing a high offset voltage. Since you have this thermocouple on each end, you need to compensate for these high offset voltages, otherwise they will swamp out any small offset signals the customer is trying to switch. So the key to make a low thermal relay is to develop a compensation technique that will compensate for these high offset voltages. Carefully placed thermal chips get the job done.
What switching configurations are used in low thermal relays?
What applicatons use low thermal reed relays?
What applicatons use low thermal reed relays?
Low thermal or low offset reed relays are used in applications where transducers are used that produce very low voltage signals that needed to be switched and amplified. They are also used on the front end of high end multimeters and switching thermocouples in data acquisition systems.
What is a low thermal reed relay?
How high in RF can the LP, SIL, and MS relays be used?
If our relays do not have a shield can they still be used as an RF relay?
If our relays do not have a shield can they still be used as an RF relay?
Yes, a simple trick which improve the RF characteristics of a relay is to ground the start wire of the coil. Since the coil wire is copper, its first layer can represent the shield for the signal. This may allow the customer, using this technique to switch and carry RF signals up to 500 MHz. This allows us to use the LP, SIL and MS relay series in RF circuits.
How can i ensure my RF test results correlate with the factories?
How does the customer match our RF relay to his PCB?
How does the customer match our RF relay to his PCB?
Once our customers receive our RF surface mount relays they need to match the impedance going in and coming out of our relays to his PCB. They do this by adding small amounts of capacitance and/or inductance on each side of the relay at the junction of the relay and the PCB.
In RF circuits, what is a 'T' switching configuration?
In RF circuits, what is a 'T' switching configuration?
A 'T' switching configuration is a way to improve isolation in RF circuits. It comprises three reed relays. The relays are arranged in the following manner: one is on the left upper part of a T, the second one in on right side of the T after the junction, and the third relay is mounted on the vertical component of the T. For maximum isolation, the first and second relays are in the open state. The third relay is closed and its bottom end of the T is grounded. With the first relay open any signal that leaks thru to the junction of the three relays will be shunted to ground. Any signal still left at the junction will be further isolated by the open contacts of the second relay. When conducting a signal through the 'T', both the first and second relay are closed allowing the signal path. The third relay is open. The 'T' configuration will improve isolation, but there will be some signal lose due to the longer signal path.
What is the PCB mount approach for an RF reed relay to yield the best performance?
What is the PCB mount approach for an RF reed relay to yield the best performance?
Our customers should mount our RF reed relays in a surface mount environment assuming he has chosen one of our surface mount reed relays. For best performance, he should mount our relay axially on his PCB. Also, he needs to tune his impedance on his PCB to exactly match ours going into and our of our relay.
What is the best way to mount an RF relay to a PCB?
What is the best way to mount an RF relay to a PCB?
To get the best RF performance from a reed relay, its leads should be mounted axially to the PCB. This means that a hole needs to be cut in the PCB for almost half of the relay body to sit in. Here the leads exit the reed relay in a straight line with no turns minimizing signal travel.
How do you make the best possilble RF reed relay?
Is it helpful to have more than one relay in a given relay package to improve RF characteristics?
Is it helpful to have more than one relay in a given relay package to improve RF characteristics?
If your customer is using multiple relays in a matrix format and is passing RF signals through the matrix it makes good sense to offer them a multiple relay matrix in the same package. This is particularly true when the relays are in series, because this essentially reduces the signal path length. In this case, the path length in and out of the relays is eliminated, where the signal simply travels out of one relay and into another relay with minimal path distance.
Does the path length of an RF reed relay effect the RF characteristics.
Can you improve the RF characteristics of a reed relay by better controlling the characteristic impedance?
Can you improve the RF characteristics of a reed relay by better controlling the characteristic impedance?
Yes, the more consistent the characteristic impedance and the closer to 50 Ω, the better the RF characteristics. Whenever there is the slightest change in impedance, some of the signal will be reflected reducing the insertion loss.
How do you RF test a reed relay?
How do you control and/or improve the RF isolation for a reed relay?
How do you control and/or improve the RF isolation for a reed relay?
The isolation for a reed relay in an RF circuit is basically determined by the gap distance. So the only way to control or improve the isolation in the reed relay design is by going to a wider gap reed switch. This means using a higher ampere turn switch which translates to a higher powered coil.
How are S Parameters generated?
How do you use S parameters?
How do you calculate the characteristic impedance for a reed relay when the reed switch is a circular reed switch?
How do you calculate the characteristic impedance for a reed relay when the reed switch is a circular reed switch?
The reed relay when designed to carry high frequencies will generally use a coaxial design approach. With this in mind the formula to calculate the characteristic impedance is the following: Z = 60/(√(€R) + ln(2h/d)) where Z is the characteristic impedance, √ is the square root, (€R) is the dielectric constant between the shield and the reed switch, ln - is the natural log, h is diameter of the shield, d is the diameter of the reed switch.
How do you calculate the characteristic impedance for a reed relay when the reed switch is a flat reed contact?
How do you calculate the characteristic impedance for a reed relay when the reed switch is a flat reed contact?
The reed relay when designed to carry high frequencies will generally use a coaxial design approach. With this in mind the formula to calculate the characteristic impedance is the following: Z = 60/(√(e)) ln((D)/A) where Z is the characteristic impedance, √(e) is the square root of the dielectric constant, ln - is the natural logarithm, D is the diameter of the of the shield, and A is the cross sectional of the reed blade.
How do you calculate the inductance in an RF circuit?
How do you calculate the capacitance in an RF circuit?
How do you calculate the characteristic impedance?
How do you calculate capacitive reactance?
How do you calculate the inductive reactance?
What causes the characteristic impedance to change along a given signal path?
What happens if the characteristic impedance changes along a given signal path?
What happens if the characteristic impedance changes along a given signal path?
When a pulse traveling along a given signal path encounters a change in characteristic impedance, part of its signal strength will be reflected back along the original signal path. This represents a loss in signal strength.
What makes up the characteristic impedance in RF?
How does one control the characteristic impedance?
How does one control the characteristic impedance?
The signal path and its length is critical. The shorter the better. It's best to think of the signal path and the shield as a geometric shape. Maintaining that geometric path as consistent as possible is critical. Any variation will change the characteristic impedance and will produce signal lose.
When digital pulses go thru a given circuit do they lose signal strength in going through each component?
When digital pulses go thru a given circuit do they lose signal strength in going through each component?
If a given relay has rise time of 50 picoseconds, a given digital pulse passing through it will have its rise time increased by 50 picoseconds. Now if the have to travel through a matrix of five relays its rise time will increase by 250 picoseconds. Now the frequency response after one relay is 20 GHz but after the fifth relay it is down to 4 GHz. So its important for the system designer to know how many relays or components its signals will pass through to determine if the components will work in his circuit.
How do you compare a digital clock running at 2 GHz to continuous wave RF?
How do you compare a digital clock running at 2 GHz to continuous wave RF?
To equate continuous wave with a digital clock running at 2 GHz, you have to consider how many harmonics of the base frequency are needed to construct the digital pulse. Normally at least 5 harmonics of the original frequency need to be considered. So for 2 GHz this represents a continuous wave frequency of 10 GHz. So to pass 2 GHz digital pulses in a circuit it would need to have a frequency response of 10 GHz.
Why are fast digital pulses considered as RF?
What are S parameters?
What are S parameters?
S - parameters are supplied for a given frequency and are supplied with a magnitude and direction. They are very useful in supplying information about the characteristics of a component in digital format and can allow the RF designer to know how that component will function in his circuit, before the actual component is added to the circuit.
What is slew rate in RF circuit?
What is slew rate in RF circuit?
When you pass a digital pulse through a component or a circuit it will enter the circuit with a certain rise time. When it leaves the circuit or component it will have a new rise time. The slew rate is the difference in rise times from the leaving rise time minus the arriving rise time.
What is rise time in RF?
What is rise time in RF?
Rise time is usually referred to in digital circuits. The shorter the pulses the more important the rise time has become. It is measured as the time from the beginning of a pulse to the 90% point of the pulse height. Circuits need to be able to have good RF characteristics to pass these fast pulses. Rise time is an often called for parameter that needs to be accounted for. Circuits not capable of handling fast rise time pulses would effectively swamp out the digital pulses.
What is VSWR?
What is VSWR?
VSWR stands for voltage standing wave ratio. When signal traveling in a circuit are reflected back, they may reach another component and then be reflected forward again. These reflections back and forth can produce standing waves in the circuit. These waves can create a very lossy circuit.
What is return loss?
What is RF isolation?
What is insertion loss?
What is insertion loss?
Insertion loss is the loss of signal when traveling in and out of a given circuit or traveling into a component and out of the component. If your signal is at 100% going into a component, and coming out there is a loss, its described as insertion loss and is measured in decibels (dB). 3 dB is described as the end point for any component and is equivalent to the signal strength being reduced by 50%.
What is characteristic impedance?
What is characteristic impedance?
RF like to travel within a circuit with a consistent characteristic impedance. Any changes in characteristic impedance will produce signal loss. Characteristic impedance Z is essentially a measure of resistance. It has three components that are added vectorially. The components are: the pure DC resistance in the x- axis, the inductive reactance in the y-axis, and the capacitive reactance in the z-axis. The characteristic resistance is calculatd all along a given signal path and any change in any one of the 3 above resistances at any point will alter the resistance. 50 ohms (Ω) is the most generally accepted resistance in most RF circuits.
Why is switching RF different than switching DC?
Why is switching RF different than switching DC?
RF rides on the outer part of the conductor. The higher the frequencies, the farther it moves to the outer edge of the conductor. Many RF characteristics are quite different than DC. It has a whole new set of parameters:
- characteristic impedance
- insertion loss
- VSWR
- rise time
- isolation
- slew rate
- etc.
What are the pros and cons of using a reed relay for switching RF?
What are the pros and cons of using a reed relay for switching RF?
The reed relays have a flat frequency response out to 20 GHz. Their cost is moderate and stable. Their size is becoming smaller and smaller. Quality issues has been their main problem. They are not good at switching higher power, but improvements are under way in this area.
What are the pros and cons of using electromechanical relays when switching RF?
What are the pros and cons of using electromechanical relays when switching RF?
Electromechanical relays can switch up to 20 GHz. They can be very expensive and are very large. Like the reed relay they do have a good flat frequency response. Their large size takes up too much board space and they require a lot of power to operate. They have very good isolation and have the ability to switch higher power RF.
What are the pros and cons of using semiconductors for switching RF?
What are the pros and cons of using semiconductors for switching RF?
Semiconductors can be used to switch up to 100 GHz. Cost becomes very high over 10 GHz. Semiconductors represent the smallest size when compared to the other technoligies. Its frequency response has discontinuities. They have inter modular distortion and need added circuitry to control. They also need added circuitry to improve its frequency response.
Why would you use a reed relay over a semiconductor switch or electromechanical relay when switching RF relays?
Why would you use a reed relay over a semiconductor switch or electromechanical relay when switching RF relays?
Reed relays are very linear over a large span of frequencies, typically ranging from DC up to 20 GHz. Semiconductors need filters and suffer from inter modular distortion. This means additional components need to be used. The reed relay by itself will do the job and are ideal when switching low signal level RF loads. The reed relay's size is much smaller than the electromechanical relay and comparable in size to the semis.
What components are used to switch RF?
Are fast digital pulses considered to be RF?
Are fast digital pulses considered to be RF?
RF are waves of electrical impulses that oscillate at very high frequencies. The waves are no different than our 50 cycle or 60 cycle line voltages and currents. Instead of having 50 or 60 cycles occurring every second you can have billions occurring every second. A frequency of 1 GHz is a frequency that is oscillating at 1 billion times every second. In the digital world electrical pulses pass along information. The shorter the pulses the more one can pass added information every second. A computer operating at 2 GHz is capable of processing 2 billion pulses every second. For electronic circuits to process a pulse it has to have the ability to carry 5 times its base. This means that the circuits carrying 2 GHz pulses need to have the capability of carrying 5 times that or 10 GHz on an RF basis. This is because square waves are made of 5 harmonics of the original frequency.
What is skin effect?
What is skin effect?
RF energy (a combination of voltages and currents) when traveling through a conductor will tend to travel on the outer part of the conductor. The higher the frequency, the more the RF energy is traveling on the outer diameter of the wire, or traveling on the 'skin' of the conductor. This effectively reduces the cross sectional area in which the energy can travel. If it is only signal level the RF energy will pass thru the conductor with a minimal amount of attenuation attributed to resistive loss. However, if the RF energy is significant, where a fair amount of power is being conducted through the conductor. Severe resistive losses may occur. Dramatic lose of signal may occur. Furthermore, major heating may occur that could cause the temperature on the contacts to rise above the curie temperature. In this case, the reed leads will lose their magnetism resulting in the contacts opening. This now can cause complete destruction of the reed switch contacts. This is produced by the contacts reclosing once its temperature drops below the curie temperature and its magnetic properties are regained. Now the contacts will close the full load and heating will begin again until the curie temperature is reached again. Here the contact will open and close until the contacts are shorted or destroyed. In this case, adding copper to the outer surface of the contacts and their leads will reduce and or eliminate the potentially disastereous effects.
Why would a HV relay fail at 1-2KV before breaking down across the switch and exhibit low insulation resistance?
Mein HV Reedrelay durchlief Eingangstests, aber bei erneuten Tests einige Tage später fiel es durch.
Mein HV Reedrelay durchlief Eingangstests, aber bei erneuten Tests einige Tage später fiel es durch.
Einige HV Reedrelays haben zwei Schalter in Serie, um den Effekt von zwei Mal 10000 Volt Durchbruchsspannung und somit einen Gesamtwert von 20kV zu erhalten. Wenn einer der Schalter sein Vakuum verliert – zum Beispiel durch einen Riss oder beschädigte Versiegelung -, führt dies zu einer zu niedrigen Durchbruchsspannung. Versuchen Sie, an den Lötstellen der Kontakte ein wenig Epoxid zu entfernen, und die Schalter einzeln zu testen, um festzustellen, welcher den Fehler verursacht.
Die Kontakte des HV Reedrelays schlossen plötzlich, und die handhabende Person hat einen elektrischen Schock bekommen. Was ist passiert?
Die Kontakte des HV Reedrelays schlossen plötzlich, und die handhabende Person hat einen elektrischen Schock bekommen. Was ist passiert?
Einige HV Reedrelays haben zwei Schalter in Serie, um den Effekt von zwei Mal 10000 Volt Durchbruchsspannung und somit einen Gesamtwert von 20kV zu erhalten. Wenn einer der Schalter sein Vakuum verliert – zum Beispiel durch einen Riss oder beschädigte Versiegelung -, führt dies zu einer zu niedrigen Durchbruchsspannung. Versuchen Sie, an den Lötstellen der Kontakte ein wenig Epoxid zu entfernen, und die Schalter einzeln zu testen, um festzustellen, welcher den Fehler verursacht.
Dies passiert, wenn zu viel Strom angelegt wurde. Öffnen Sie die Kapsel des Reedschalters und schauen Sie sich die Kontakte an. Sind am Schließpunkt der Kontakte Anzeichen für Grübchenbildung oder Verbrennungen erkennbar? Falls ja, bitte prüfen Sie folgendes:
1. Reduzieren Sie den max. Schaltstrom, indem sie zusätzlichen Widerstand anlegen.
2. Prüfen Sie, ob Streukapazitanz vorhanden ist (zum Beispiel von Kabeln oder Drähten).
3. Stellen Sie sicher, dass keine Gleichtaktspannung vorhanden ist.
4. Werden in der vorliegenden Applikation die Kontakte ohne Spannung/Strom geschalten? Dies könnte Probleme verursachen.
5. Kann die Induktivität erhöht werden?
Welcher Reedschalter ist am besten für Hochstrom-Radiofrequenz Anforderungen geeignet?
What is the difference between RF and fast digital pulses?
What is the difference between RF and fast digital pulses?
RF are waves of electrical impulses that oscillate at very high frequencies. The waves are no different than our 50 cycle or 60 cycle line voltages and currents. Instead of having 50 or 60 cycles occurring every second you can have billions occurring every second. A frequency of 1 GHz is a frequency that is oscillating at 1 billion times every second. In the digital world electrical pulses pass along information. The shorter the pulses the more one can pass added information every second. A computer operating at 2 GHz is capable of processing 2 billion pulses every second. For electronic circuits to process a pulse it has to have the ability to carry 5 times its base. This means that the circuits carrying 2 GHz pulses need to have the capability of carrying 5 times that or 10 GHz on an RF basis. This is because square waves are made of 5 harmonics of the original frequency.
What is an RF reed relay?
What is an RF reed relay?
An RF reed relay is specifically designed to carry high frequencies up to 20 GHz and carry digital pulses in the sub nanosecond pulse widths. Shielding is critical and the geometry of the signal path as it relates to the shield is of utmost importance. The higher the frequencies the more critical they become.
What are the primary markets where RF relays are used?
What RF reed relays does MEDER offer?
What relay would I use for high voltage ATE requirements with high carry currents?
What relay would I use for high voltage ATE requirements?
What relay would I use in the charging circuit for defibrillators used in the lab?
What relay product would I use for medical cauterizing generators?
What relay(s) would I use for an integrated circuit, VLSI tester (ATE)?
What relay(s) would I use for a functional PCB tester (ATE)?
What relay is recommended in a high end voltmeter application?
What relay do I use for portable defibrillators?
What product do i use for high voltages 5kV to 15kV breakdown voltage?
What relay can i use if <1uV offset voltages can’t exist when switching the contacts?
What do I use for hold off/breakdown voltages up to 5000V?
What relay do I use for High frequency/digital and low current (ATE) 8 GHz to 20 GHz?
What relay do I use for High frequency/digital and low current (ATE) 1 GHz to 7 GHz?
What relay do I use for High frequency/digital and low current (ATE) 500MHZ to 1GHz (size critical)?
What relay do I use for High frequency and low current (ATE) 500MHZ to 1GHz (size not critical)?
What relay do I use for high frequencies up to 500MHz at low current levels in the smallest package available?
What relay do I use for high frequencies up to 500MHz at low current levels?
What switch do I use when switching 5-15 Volts with 10 to 50 milliamps?
What switch do I use when switching 15-35 Volts with 10 to 250 milliamps?
What reed switch do I use for low level switching?
What reed switch do I use for low level switching?
Small electromechanical relays are not good for switching low levels of voltages and currents. Electromechanical relays need a hefty voltage and/or current to break any film buildup. It is this film buildup that won't allow very low voltages and currents to pass through the contacts. Reed switches are clearly the best. Using sputtered ruthenium contacts or iridium contacts are the best materials for these low level loads.
When do you use an evacuated reed switch?
Wie viel Spannung kann ein aufgeladener Reedschalter öffnen?
Wie viel Spannung kann ein aufgeladener Reedschalter öffnen?
Miniatur-Reedschalter mit weniger als 20 mm Glaslaenge können bis zu 250 Volt durchbrechen, abhängig von der Pull-In-AT (je höher desto besser). Reedschalter mit weniger als 10 mm schaffen ca. 150 Volt, wobei dieser Wert durch eine Minimierung des Stromflusses zum Zeitpunkt des Öffnens noch verbessert werden kann.
Was versteht man unter Gleichtaktspannung?
Was versteht man unter Gleichtaktspannung?
Wenn Reedkontakte öffnen, durchbrechen sie einen Stromkreis. Wenn zum Öffnungszeitpunkt Spannung und Strom vorhanden ist, wird der Stromfluss gestoppt, und die Spannung tritt über die Kontakte ein. Dies stellt kein Problem dar, solange die Spannung nicht höher als 250 Volt ist. Bei höherer Spannung versuchen die Kontakte, einen Lichtbogen zu bilden. Dieser ist über 2000°C, und schmilzt das Metall auf den Kontakten. Dies gilt umso mehr, je höher der Stromfluss ist. Wenn sich das geschmolzene Metall auf das andere Paddel überträgt, kann es zu Verklebungen führen. Lichtbogenlöschung bedeutet, die Lichtbogenbildung und / oder die Übertragung des geschmolzenen Metalls zu stoppen. Wo hohe Spannungen durchbrochen werden müssen, sollte der Stromfluss zum Öffnungszeitpunkt möglichst minimiert werden. Dadurch wird die Lebensdauer der Kontakte deutlich verlängert.
Gleichtaktspannung ist eine häufige Fehlerursache von Relays. Gleichtaktspannung wird oft von Leitungsspannung verursacht. Jegliche Streukapazitanz in der Leitung kann bis zur Spitze der Leitungsspannung aufgeladen werden. Bei einer Leitungsspannung von 240 VRMS läge die potentielle Spitze bei 400 Volt. Wenn Spannungen in dieser Höhe geschalten werden, schmilzt das Metall auf den Kontakten, und sie fallen aus. Gleichtaktspannung kann durch eine Verbesserung der Erdung, oder durch eine Reduzierung der Streukapazitanz vermieden werden. Außerdem sollte wenn möglich zusätzlicher Widerstand angeführt werden, um dadurch den Anlaufstrom zu reduzieren (der Schaden tritt in den ersten 50 Nano-Sekunden nach dem Schließen der Kontakte auf).
Wodurch zeichnen sich Ladungen aus?
Wodurch zeichnen sich Ladungen aus?
Reedschalter, sowohl in Sensoren als auch in Relais, werden dazu verwendet, um Ladungen zu schalten. Diese Ladungen haben folgende Eigenschaften:
- Die Ladungen sind gleichbleibend.
- Das Schalten findet während der ersten 50 Nano-Sekunden statt.
Wie weiß man, ob ein Reedschalter geeignet ist?
Wie weiß man, ob ein Reedschalter geeignet ist?
Hierbei sind einige Schluesselfaktoren zu beachten:
- Es muss bekannt sein, wie hoch die ungefähr benötigte Ladung ist, und welche Spannung und Strom zum Zeitpunkt des Schließens (die ersten 50 Nano-Sekunden) geschalten wird.
- Wie viele Schaltvorgaenge müssen gewährleistet sein?
- Was sind die Anforderungen bezüglich der Größe?
- Auf welche Art wird das Produkt montiert?
- Für lange Lebensdauer und Niedrigsignale sind Ruthenium oder Iridium beschichtete Schalter am besten geeignet.
- Für Schaltapplikationen von 50 bis 200 Volt verwendet man am besten einen Philips/Coto/Comus Ruthenium Schalter.
- Für Schaltstroeme von 25 Milli-Ampere bis 1 Ampere eignet sich Rhodium beschichtete OKI Schalter, oder unser STM10.
- Für Spannungen von 200 bis 4000 Volt kann OKI ORD 2210V verwendet werden.
- Für Spannungen von bis zu 10.000 Volt eignen sich Hermetic Vakuum-Schalter.
What are multi-pole relays?
What are multi-pole relays?
Reed relays can be constructed with more than one switch. MEDER typically will manufacture up to four reed switches in a given relay. This could be up to 4 single pole normally open switches, up to 4 single pole normally closed switches, or up to 4 single pole double pole throw switches.
What is a latching relay?
What is a latching relay?
A latching relay is bistable. It can be in the closed state with no coil power applied or it can be in the open state with no coil power applied. It only takes a pulse of 1.5 milliseconds to change from the open state to the closed state; or a 1.5 millisecond pulse will change from the closed state to the open state. A magnet partially biases the reed switch to create the latching states. Generally two coils are used: one is used for closing the contacts and the other is used for opening the contacts.
What is a Form B reed relay?
What is reclosure?
What is reclosure?
This is usually a condition that can develop when using a Form B or normally closed reed relay. The contacts are biased closed with a magnet. So with no power on the coil, the contacts remain closed. When power is applied to the coil, its magnetic field is opposite the field of the magnet cancelling it out and opening the contacts. If the coil is too strong, the contacts can reclose. So a reclose voltage is added to a Form B relay that is usually 25% to 50% above the nominal voltage. For a 5 volt relay with 50% safety factor the reclose would be 7.5 Volts. This guarantees to the customer that applying up to 7.5 Volts the contacts will not reclose.
Was versteht man unter Hüllkurvenspitzenleistung?
Was versteht man unter Hüllkurvenspitzenleistung?
Diese Beschreibung wird für drahtlose Sender und RF Applikationen verwendet. In älteren Designs wurde Amplitudenmodulation verwendet. Die Welle wird unter Zugrundelegung einer 30 MHz Hülle übertragen, und Audio überlagert die Radiofrequenz. Auf diese Weise funktioniert auch AM Musik.
Ist es normal, dass eine Seite des Reedrelays 5KV misst, und die andere einige Hundert Volt?
Ist es normal, dass eine Seite des Reedrelays 5KV misst, und die andere einige Hundert Volt?
Beim Messen von Spannungen muss man den Effekt von Spannungsteilern beachten. Wie hoch ist der Widerstand auf der anderen Seite des Schalters? Nehmen wir das Beispiel eines Schalters, der 1E10 Ohm misst. Wenn er an einen 100 Mega-Ohm (1E8) Resistor angeschlossen ist, und 10,000 Volt an die andere Seite angelegt werden, dann wird ein Teil der Spannung über den Schalter, und ein Teil über den Resistor abgegeben. Man hat dann praktische zwei Resistoren in Serie: der Schalter mit 1E10 Ohm und den Resistor mit 1E8 Ohm. Wenn 10,000 Volt an diesen Stromkreis angelegt werden, fließt ca. 1 µA durch den geöffneten Schalter, und durch den Resistor. Gemäß Ohmschem Gesetz generieren die 1 µA 100 Volt über den Resistor. Wenn nun der Isolationswiderstand des Schalters 1E11 Ohm beträgt, dann wäre die Spannung des Resistors nur 10 Volt. Wenn der Isolationswiderstand des Schalters jedoch 1E9 Ohm beträgt, dann wäre die Spannung des Resistors bis zu 1000 Volt.
Was kann die Fehlerursache von häufig zu hoher Anzugsspannung sein?
Was kann die Fehlerursache von häufig zu hoher Anzugsspannung sein?
Bitte pruefen Sie:
1.Verwenden Sie eine Metallhaube? Falls ja, ist es kaltgewalzter Stahl? Ist das Material ferromagnetisch
2.Verwenden Sie eine Spule ohne Spulenkörper? Falls ja, ist genügend Platz vorhanden, um den Innendurchmesser etwas zu verkleinern?
3.Wie hoch ist die effektive Anzugsspannung?
4.Ist genügend Platz vorhanden, damit ein Spulendraht mit größerem Durchmesser verwendet werden kann?
5.Die Bearbeitung und Verbindung des Kontaktes beeinflusst dessen magnetische Empfindlichkeit. Ist der Reedschalter gebogen und geformt? Oder ist er geschnitten und gelötet? Im letzteren Fall sollten Sie Schweißen und NiFe Pins versuchen.
6.Kommt ein zusätzlicher interner magnetischer Schirm in Frage
Zu den FAQs über Reed Schalter
Zu den FAQs über Reed Sensoren
Zu den FAQs über Magnete und Magnetismus
Zu den FAQs über Level Sensoren
Zu den FAQs über Messtechnik und Operative Eigenschaften
Zu den FAQs über Qualität und Zuverlässigkeit
Sie haben in unserer Liste haeufig gestellter Fragen keine passende Antwort gefunden? Verwenden Sie einfach unser Kontaktformular, um uns eine neue Frage zu schicken.



